Stem Cells & Exosomes
After brain nerve cells die, regeneration is difficult. While rehabilitation can stimulate new neural connections, the process is slow. Exploring methods for brain tissue and cell regeneration, in combination with rehabilitation, offers renewed hope!
Are you feeling worried or helpless about neurodegenerative diseases? You no longer have to face these challenges alone! Let the Blossom Gain Health Regeneration team guide you with cutting-edge medical advancements and offer the professional support you need.
Common Concerns
Rehabilitation efforts may stabilize the condition, but I still want to know how to improve by other method.
Stroke survivors losing control over their lives
Blocked blood vessels prevent blood and oxygen from reaching the brain, causing nerve cell death and impaired brain function, ultimately affecting the ability to perform daily tasks.
Feeling nauseous and dizzy from medication—it's so uncomfortable!
Worsening symptoms, but changing medication might require an adjustment period.
Parkinson's patients experiencing a decline in quality of life
Degeneration of dopamine neuron, causing motor impairments.
Forgetting recent events, and fearing not recognizing familiar families
Alzheimer's patients losing precious memories
Neuro degeneration in the brain leads to deteriorating memory and cognitive functions.
What Are Stem Cells?
Stem cells are a special type of cell that is the foundation of every cell, tissue and organ in the body. They are like a blank microchip that can eventually be programmed to accomplish specific tasks. Stem cells have two important properties：self-renewal, which means they can divide and produce more stem cells; and multipotential differentiation, which means they can transform into other cells that perform different functions. These two properties are extremely important for maintaining tissues and repairing them after injury. According to their differentiation ability, they can be divided into：
1. Totipotent stem cells, such as zygote
2. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESC) and artificially induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
3. Multipotent stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
4. Unipotent stem cells
Self-renewal and multipotent differentiation
Self-renewal and multipotent differentiation are the two most important properties of stem cells. Regeneration, also known as self-renewal, is the process by which stem cells undergo mitosis to produce one or two daughter stem cells, which have the same self-renewal and differentiation abilities. With this ability, stem cells can undergo multiple cell division cycles. Multipotent differentiation means that stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cells such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and nerve; the regeneration and multipotent differentiation properties of stem cells are greatly help in repairing damaged tissues and reconstructing their functions.
Homing effect
Stem cells have the property of homing, which means that they can find their destination. This phenomenon is guided by the secretion of bio-hormones by damaged organ tissues. Unlike drug treatment, stem cells are not metabolized after reaching their destination. Instead, they repair or replace damaged tissue cells through their regeneration and differentiation abilities.
Secretome
Stem cell secretome are the bridge between cells, used to stimulate and activate the cells; There are many receptors on the cell membrane of our cells, like various types of locks. When cells get injury or aging and need to differentiate and produce their offspring, these stem cells secretome can work as keys, to unlock the locks on the cell membrane, initiate the replication, differentiation, and renewal reactions of cells, and thereby increase the number of new cells, cooperating with the repair and regeneration of body cells. Stem cell secreted factors are a collection of various bioactive factors that work together to produce therapeutic effects; In recent years, exosome have been found to carry a large number of nucleic acid fragments (mRNA, miRNA), growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and other biological factors, which can promote tissue and organ activation and reduce inflammatory reactions.
Common Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Somatic stem cell are the easiest stem cells to obtain. Somatic stem cell belongs to the category of multipotentstem cells, among which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multipotent differentiation ability and can differentiate into tissues such as bone marrow, nerves, bone, cartilage, etc. They can replace and regenerate aging and damaged cells in multiple tissues and organs.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cells
- Adipose tissue is widely distributed and easy to obtain.
- There are a large number of stem cells with high activity.
- Has high differentiation and proliferation abilities.
- Has immune tolerance and can be safely used.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
- Only the umbilical cord of newborns can be obtained.
- Compared with adult tissue mesenchymal stem cells, it has better proliferative and immune regulatory abilities.
- The probability of immune rejection is extremely low, and it can be safely used.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- Mature clinical application.
- Anesthesia is required, with a high risk of invasion and a long recovery period.
What Are Exosomes?
Exosomes are 30-150 nm, tiny vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, and rich in biological signaling molecules formed from cell membrane vesicles. They serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, carrying immense biological and medical potential.
High Compatibility
Unique double-layer lipid structure, which is similar to cell structures, allows for easy compatibility with other cells
Easy Absorption
Nano-sized volume facilitates penetration through capillary barriers.
Fast Delivery
Carries communication signals between cells, assisting damaged cells and effectively transmitting distress signals to cells that can provide rescue.
How exosomes enter cells?
Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication by carrying proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells. After they are released from one cell and can be absorbed by other cells through endocytosis or direct fusion, among other mechanisms. Once exosomes join the target cell, the substances delivered by exosomes can regulate cell functions and behavior, playing a key role in cellular communication and regulation.
Can be used to：
Transmit cell repair messages and nourishing factors, repair tissue cells
Exosomes are important "messengers" between cells in the body's circulation, regulating inflammatory reactions, and repairing aging tissues and cells! For example： spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, stroke, neurological damage, etc.
Regulate youthful and rejuvenating signals. Beauty and skin care
retain skin moisture, regulate skin texture, make skin have soft and gentle lines, and show natural glow.
Suitable for who：
References:
- Front Immunol. 2022 Apr8;13:865782. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865782.
- nt J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 21;24(13):10434. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310434.
- J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 21;24(13):10434. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310434.
- ACS Nano 2019, 13, 10, 11273–11282ACS Nano 2019, 13, 10, 11273–11282. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04384